Highlights
- •MOG Ab-associated CCE may present with new-onset, frequent, multi-focal seizures.
- •Most common are focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, then focal motor seizures.
- •Focal impaired awareness and autonomic, cognitive, and emotional seizures are rare.
- •Interictal epileptiform discharges or slow waves are not always present.
- •If present, regional EEG abnormalities are mainly in the central or posterior quadrant.
Abstract
Purpose
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies (Abs) are associated with various
central nervous system demyelinating disorders. Recently, they were detected in cerebral
cortical encephalitis (CCE), which often causes seizures. We performed a literature
review to elucidate the electroclinical features of CCE. In addition to the published
cases, we describe a new, illustrative case of MOG-Ab–associated CCE (MOG-CCE) with
multifocal seizures documented by video electroencephalograph (EEG).
Methods
We searched PubMed with the keywords “[MOG] AND [encephalitis]” and reviewed relevant
articles. The articles included reports of patients with CCE (as demonstrated by magnetic
resonance imaging) and serum MOG Ab positivity. Cases were excluded if no epileptic
seizures were reported or if details of the seizures were unavailable.
Results
Our literature review identified 34 patients with MOG-CCE. An analysis of these 34
cases and the new case showed that 20 patients were male (57.1%), and the median age
at presentation was 23 years (range, 6 to 46 years). Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic
seizure was the most common seizure type, followed by focal motor seizure in the face
or an arm or leg. EEG findings were available for 26 patients. Interictal epileptiform
discharges (IEDs) and ictal EEG patterns were seen in 10 (38.5%) and 5 (19.2%) patients,
respectively. Focal EEG abnormalities, including slow waves and IEDs, were observed
in the central, parietal, occipital, or posterior temporal region.
Conclusion
MOG-CCE has distinctive electroclinical features that differ from those of other autoimmune
encephalitides. Careful electroclinical analysis of seizures can be helpful for diagnosing
MOG-CCE.
Keywords
Abbreviations:
Ab (antibody), CASPR2 (contactin-associated protein-like 2), CCE (cerebral cortical encephalitis), CSF (cerebrospinal fluid), EEG (electroencephalogram), FAS (focal awareness seizure), FBTCS (focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure), FIAS (focal impaired awareness seizures), FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery), GTCS (generalized tonic-clinic seizure), IED (interictal epileptiform discharge), LGI1 (leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1), MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein), MOGAD (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated diseases), MOG-CCE (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated cerebral cortical encephalitis), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), NMDAR (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor), VEEG (video-electroencephalogram)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 03, 2022
Accepted:
April 2,
2022
Received in revised form:
March 31,
2022
Received:
January 31,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
