Association between structural abnormalities and fMRI response in the amygdala in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

Patients N correspond to the numbers indicated in Table 1. Upper row (A1 – patient N 21, B1 – patient N 25, C1 – patient N 22): coronal FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) MRI images of three patients with left-sided amygdala dysplasia (white arrows). Amygdala has increased signal and is enlarged on the left side compared to the right; temporal lobe on the left is smaller and has increased signal in white matter. Lower row – patients with left-sided amygdala dysplasia: A2 (patient N 21) – fMRI BOLD-signal strongly lateralised to the right amygdala (LI −0.67); B2 (patient N 25) – fMRI BOLD-signal strongly lateralized to the left amygdala (LI 0.82); C2 (patient N 22) bilateral fMRI BOLD-signal in amygdala (LI −0.01). R – right; L – left.

Patients N correspond to the numbers indicated in Table 1. Upper row (D1 – patient N 8, E1 – patient N 10): coronal FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) MRI images of two patients with right-sided amygdala dysplasia (white arrows). Amygdala has increased signal and is enlarged on the right side compared to the left. Lower row (D2 – patient N 8, E2 – patient N 10): strongly lateralised left-sided fMRI BOLD-signal, contralateral to dysplasia affecting right amygdala (LI for both cases 1). R – right; L – left.